Password Protect & Encrypt Files or Folders in Windows: Free

With hackers becoming more and more sophisticated, most users are worried about the safety of their personal data. There are many options available to protect the user’s data but none comes close to encryption in terms of safety offered. This article contains some of the best and easy to use methods that allow you to password protect and encrypt important files and folders in Windows without spending anything.

Encrypting files in Windows using the Encrypting Files System (EFS)

Windows offers an inbuilt encryption method called EFS to protect sensitive data from unwanted users. EFS can only be used on hard drives formatted as NTFS and is available only on professional and premium editions of Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows Vista or Windows XP. Home editions of Windows do not support this.

To encrypt files with EFS, follow these steps:-

1. Right click on the file or folder you want to protect and click on Properties at the bottom of the menu.
2. This will bring up the Properties window. In this window under the General tab, click on Advanced.
3. In the Advanced attributes window, tick on Encrypt contents to secure data option.
4. Click OK and Apply.

If the file is encrypted successfully, its name will generally be visible in green color.

If you encrypt files and folders with EFS, it would not change how you access those files and folders. You would still be able to read, modify and delete those files as long as you are logged into the user account that encrypted those files. However, other users from different user accounts would not be able to do this. For example, if you carry the encrypted file in a flash drive, you would not be able to access it from other computers. To access it from other computers, you will need your encryption key.


Make sure that you backup your encryption key when Windows prompts you to do so. It will be required in case you want to access the encrypted files from a different user account or from a different computer.

To back up your encryption key, click on the Back up now option in the pop up that comes when you first encrypt a file or folder. Then, click Next on the window titled Certificate Export Wizard. Enter a password for your certificate (make sure it is tough but also easy to remember), choose a location to save it, give it a name and click Finish.

In case Windows does not prompt you to back up your encryption key, you can back it up from the File Encryption Certificates manager. Since, EFS relies on your user account to give access to protected files, it is important to choose a strong password for your Windows user account.

EFS is relatively quick and hassle free but not totally secure as Windows stores an unencrypted version of protected files in the temporary folder (when you access them) which can be easily accessed by any experienced computer user. To overcome this weakness, ensure that you clean up your temporary files with the Disk Cleanup utility every time you access your protected files.

BitLocker

BitLocker is a Windows utility that allows you to encrypt hard drives and removable storage devices. BitLocker also uses EFS mentioned above with a minor difference. It encrypts the entire drive instead of encrypting individual files and folders.

With BitLocker too, you wouldn’t notice much difference while using your computer but if anyone else tries to access them on a different computer, he will be shown a screen asking the password. BitLocker To Go can be used to encrypt removable flash drives as well. BitLocker too depends on the safety of your Windows user account to ensure that files remain private. Hence, it is extremely important to use a strong Windows password.

BitLocker can be turned on in the Control Panel. BitLocker most effectively works on devices having TPM. In case your PC does not have TPM, you will get an error saying “This device can’t use a Trusted Platform Module.” TPM is a special circuit that’s built onto the motherboards of BitLocker compatible computers.

BitLocker is only available on Professional editions of Windows.

7ZIP

7Zip is a free and open source compression utility that has the option of allowing users to create a password protected archive. The encryption offered by 7Zip is AES-256 (AES stands for Advanced Encryption Standard), which is virtually impossible to crack and used by everyone from giant tech companies to your next door IT expert.

7Zip can also allow you to encrypt the file names in the archive so that no one without the right password has a clue as to what is present inside the protected archive.

To encrypt files and folders with 7Zip, either create a new password protected archive from the 7Zip file manager or simply right click on the folder or file you want to protect and select “Add to archive” from the 7zip sub-menu.

You can choose either 7Zip’s .7z or .zip format. If you use .zip format, an additional encryption method called ZipCrypto is available, which is also good but not as secure as AES-256. Also, if you use a .zip archive, you cannot encrypt file names.

7Zip supports multiple platforms, is easy to use and also very fast when it comes to creating and extracting archives.

VeraCrypt

VeraCrypt is a fork of and successor to the extremely popular and discontinued encryption software TrueCrypt. VeraCrypt claims to have removed the issues that were raised while security auditing TrueCrypt. It supports Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.


VeraCrypt is completely free and supports AES, Serpent, TwoFish, Camellia and Kuznyechik encryption ciphers. VeraCrypt is simple to use and offers very fast encryption process. The best part about this software is that it is open source (code is available for review) and has been security audited by third parties. VeraCrypt allows a single hidden volume to be created within another volume. VeraCrypt can also be used to create and run a hidden encrypted operating system.

Important Tips:

1. It is important to note that there are several tools and utilities available in the market that allow you to break encryption and passwords. The programs mentioned above will keep your data safe from a large majority of such tools but they, like all methods of encryption are not infallible.
2. Even if you encrypt a file, it can still be deleted. So, be sure to back up your encrypted files.
3. Make sure that you use a strong and memorable password for your user account.
4. Keep your encryption key safe to prevent you from losing access to your encrypted files.